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Israel: Facts & StatsTRANSPORTATIONRoads:Israel has an advanced network of roads which criss-cross the country. Roads have been managed by the National Roads Authority of Israel since 2003 when they took over this responsibility from the Public Works Department (PWD). Road development in the country began during the British Mandate of Palestine and in 1921 the Mandate government found an engineering branch for committing infrastructure developments, this later became the PWD.Founded in 2003, the National Roads Authority of Israel, today work at planning, developing and maintaining most of the inter-city roads in Israel. This authority also builds and plans interchanges, bridges etc. The total road length that is under control by the authority is 6,500 km. Although, some inter-city routes are built by concessionaires and private companies in exchange for payment from the government, without brokerage or responsibility of the National Roads Authority. The roads and routes in Israel are categorized to national roads, inter-city roads, regional roads and local roads. The numbering of the roads is made by this classification.
As a general rule, for highways with the same number of digits, numbers from south to north, and from west to east. Thus, Highways 12 and 13 are located in the far south of Israel, whereas Highways 98 and 99 meet near Mount Hermon in the far northeast of the country. There are some exceptions to this rule: for example, Highway 1 runs mostly north of Highway 3. There are 42 designated highways in Israel, of those three are Freeways, four are partially Freeways and partially Expressways and 35 are Expressways. Two of the Expressways are divided into several separate sections as a result of an IDF decree forbidding Israelis from traveling on certain stretches of these highways. Railroads:
Most of Israel's railway lines were constructed before the founding of the state during Ottoman and British rule. The first line was the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway, followed by the Jezreel Valley railway, which formed part of the greater Hejaz railway. World War I brought the creation of multiple new lines out of military needs: the coastal railway was built simultaneously by the Turkish and British and later merged during the British Mandate. Southern lines were also built by the warring states—from the north by the Ottomans, and from Rafah in the west by the British. After the founding of the state of Israel in May 1948, railway development stagnated, and a number of lines (notable, the Jezreel Valley railway) were abandoned altogether. Only in the 1990s, development restarted, the opening of Tel Aviv's Ayalon railway in 1993 signaling a new era of rail development. Lines under construction in the 2000s include the high-speed railway to Jerusalem, an extension of the coastal railway directly from Tel Aviv to Ashdod through the norther Shephelah, and a line from Ashkelon to Beersheba via Sderot, Netivot and Ofakim. Railway links with adjacent countries
Two light rail systems are in advanced planning stages or under construction in Israel - one in Tel Aviv and one in Jerusalem. A subway also exists in Haifa, called Carmelit. It is listed in Guinness World Records as the shortest subway system in the world, being the second smallest track network (after the Tünel in Istanbul,) but being the smallest "system" by virtue of being the only rail network in the city. Aviation:As of 2008, there were 47 airports in Israel, the largest, and most well known being Ben Gurion International Airport (TLV) located near Tel Aviv which is the destination of most international flights to Israel. Israel's largest airline is El Al Israel Airlines which was previously government owned but was recently privatised. Flights from Israel travel to North America, Europe, the Far East, and neighboring countries in the Middle East. Domestic flights are quite common in Israel, especially between Tel Aviv and Haifa, and the southern city of Eilat, international flights to which travel to Ovda International Airport nearby. In 2007, for the first time, passenger numbers on international flights at TLV had surpassed the 10 million mark. Boeing estimates that 60-80 new aircraft will be purchased by Israeli airlines over the next 20 years.According to the Israel Civil Aviation Authority, as of 31 January 2008, Israel's civil aircraft fleet consisted of 53 aircraft; 47 passenger planes, 5 freighters and one convertible. 41 of these were Boeing jets, 2 Airbus, and 10 turbo-prop produced by ATR and Dash. Airports with paved runways
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