CULTURE
Traditions:
Culturally, the country is a melting pot of different traditions where immigration has led to the emergence of strong communities even within different religious groups. European Jews or Ashkenazi, Jews of Arab descent or Sephardi, Russians, Ethiopians, Druze and Bedouin live within one country, yet retain their strong cultural traditions, language and way of life. For most of the Jewish population, third- or fourth-generation descendants of post-World War II immigrants, their cultural affiliation is most certainly Israeli, and while each is proud of their heritage there is an undeniable feel of nationalism and patriotism.
Celebrations:
Israeli law designates 9 days of official holiday during the year. Of these, Independence Day is supposed to be observed by all citizens, while others are Jewish religious holidays which non-Jews or non-Jewish communities may disregard, if they choose to observe their own religious holidays. School year has several optional formats approved by the Ministry of Education, one of which is chosen by the school principal considering the local community's religion and tradition. The following table shows school holidays observed by the majority of schools. Many businesses and government offices allow workers to choose additional one or two days of leave out of list of non-official holidays. Collective leave is also a common habit in many businesses and government offices during Chol HaMoed. All holidays start on sunset, therefore working places close down afternoon on the holidays eve. Some services resume their work on the following evening, while most workers continue the holiday till morning.
Weekends in Israel are Friday to Saturday. The law designates 36 hours of weekly holiday from Friday afternoon till Sunday morning, but most businesses and offices are closed during the whole day on Fridays. Non-Jews may choose Friday, Saturday or Sunday as their main weekly holiday, while Jews may not choose to work on Saturday, unless their working place is open on Saturdays by a special permit.
Israeli Public (Bank) Holidays 2009:
- Tuesday 10th March - Purim Bank Holiday
- Thursday 9th April - First day of Passover - Pesach
- Wednesday 15th April - Last day of Passover
- Wednesday 29th April - Yom Ha'Atzmaut - Israel Independence Day
- Friday 29th May - Shavuot - Pentecost
- Saturday 19th September to Sunday 20th September - Rosh Hashanah Holiday - New Year
- Monday 28th September - Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement
- Saturday 3rd October to Friday 9th October - Sukkot - Feast of Tabernacles
- Saturday 10th October - Simchat Torah
- Saturday 12th December to Saturday 19th December - Hanukkah - Festival of Lights
Alcohol:
The main Israeli produced alcoholic beverage brands, which are each historic in their own way, are:
- Carmel (founded 1882) – wine
- Gold (founded 1824) – vodka, arak
- Goldstar (launched 1950) – beer
- Stock (launched 1938) – brandy
- Sabra (launched 1963) – liqueurs
Reflecting the melting pot of Israel, each has their own unique story. Involved in their beginnings were two Rothschilds from France, a Bronfman from Canada, an Italian and a family from Russia. Furthermore, until today, each remains the largest selling Israeli produced product in their category.
The three main spirits of Israel are vodka, arak and brandy.
The legal drinking age in Israel is 18.
Sports and Hobbies:
Sports and physical fitness have not always been paramount in Jewish culture. Athletic prowess, which was prized by the ancient Greeks, was looked down upon as an unwelcome intrusion of Hellenistic values. Maimonides, who was both a rabbi and a physician, emphasized the importance of regular exercise in preventing illness on the authority of Hippocrates and Galen. This approach received a boost in the 19th century from the physical culture campaign of Max Nordau, and in the early 20th century when the Chief Rabbi of Palestine, Abraham Isaac Kook, declared that "the body serves the soul, and only a healthy body can ensure a healthy soul".
The Maccabiah Games, an Olympic-style event for Jewish athletes, was inaugurated in the 1930s, and has been held every four years since then. The most popular spectator sports in Israel today are association football and basketball. In 1964 Israel hosted and won the Asian Nations Cup.
In the Seventies Israel was excluded from the 1978 Asian Games following the organizers' refusal to invite the country as a result of pressure by participating middle eastern countries. The exclusion led Israel to shift from Asia to Europe and cease competing in Asian competitions. In 1994, UEFA agreed to admit Israel and all Israeli sporting organizations now compete in Europe. Ligat ha'Al is the country's premier soccer league, and Ligat HaAl is the premier basketball league. Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C. has won the European championship in basketball five times.
Beersheba has become a national chess center and home to many chess champions from the former Soviet Union. The city hosted the World Team Chess Championship in 2005, and chess is taught in the city's kindergartens. In 2007, an Israeli tied for second place in the World Chess Championship.
To date, Israel has won seven Olympic medals since its first win in 1992, including a gold medal in windsurfing at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Israel has won over 100 gold medals in the Paralympic Games and is ranked about 15th in the all time medal count. The 1968 Summer Paralympics were hosted by Israel.